Topic 14: Human Development

Stages of human development:

1. Infants 

2. Toddlers 

3. Child 

4. Adolescents 

5. Adults 

6. Senior citizens 

Follow the link below to watch the full video of explained stages of human development:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aK9BlCEXMzuc5oO56ecnoZP9BWA2Bnvc/view?usp=drivesdk

Topic 13: Tips to stay healthy and prevent disease

 1. Wash your hand and keep your body tidy

Washing hands thoroughly with soap for about 2 minutes, especially before and after eating; When washing your hands use a clean and dry towel or a tissue to part-dry the hand and remove access water

2. Make oral hygiene a priority

Maintain oral hygiene by regular brushing and flossing your teeth; Mouth wash can be used to rinse the mouth as it kills harmful bacteria in your mouth; Cleaning the tongue every time after brushing must not be neglected.  

3. Cook in a clean condition

Clean the kitchen and the dinning area; Poor cleaning can cause bacteria to breed which will lead to contamination of food and water.

4. Stay safe during travel

When travelling bear in mind that take precautions to stay safe from traveler's diarrhea;     

Topic 12: Environmental factors that causes the spread of communicable diseases.

 Here are some factors:

* Water supply- dirty or unsafe water causes diarrhea

*Sanitation facilities- lack of toilets, not washing hands regularly, poor living conditions all cause diarrhea 

* Health services- long distances to the nearest clinic or hospital in rural areas means there is no treatment of diseases. 

* Food- preparing food in an unhygienic condition, food will be contaminated with bacteria from flies which are likely to cause diarrhea

* Climate- heavy rains cause flooding which can contaminates water

Topic 11: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Communicable diseases in Namibia

Sexually Transmitted Infections these are infections acquired through sexual contact. The organism that can be a bacteria, viruses, or parasites is transmitted from one person to another through blood, semen, vaginal fluids or other body fluids.

Examples of STIs common in Namibia: 

*HIV/AIDS

* Gonorrhea 

* Syphilis

Symptoms: Most of the infections do not have symptoms but here are signs ans symptoms that might indicate STIs

*Scores or bumps on the genital

* Painful or burning urination

* odd smelling vaginal discharge 

* Lower abdominal pain

* Sore, swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the groin

Transmission: Through unprotected sex with an infected person

Prevention: Proper use of condoms during sexual intercourse will protect both partners from getting infected

  

Topic 10: Chicken Pox : Communicable disease in Namibia

Chicken Pox is a highly communicable disease that causes red skin rashes.

Symptoms: Watery skin rashes

Transmission: Through sneezing and coughing or direct contact win an infected person

Prevention: Children are immunized at an early age to prevent them from catching and spread the disease 

Topic 9: Measles: Communicable disease in Namibia

Measles is the infection of breathing system and skin. 

Symptoms:  High fever, running nose, red eyes, and spot-like rash on the whole of the body

Transmission: Through air when an infected person coughs or sneeze nearby

Prevention: Children are immunized at young age to prevent them from catching the disease and to stop the spread of measles 

Topic 8: Tuberculosis: communicable disease in Namibia

Communicable diseases these are diseases that spread easily  from one person to another or from animals to persons.

Tuberculosis is a lung infection caused by bacteria. 

Symptoms: Chest pain, cough, fever and weight loss

Transmission: Through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes

Prevention: Infected person should not spit, sneeze or cough carelessly but should use a tissue or elbow

All new born babies are immunized against the disease

Topic 7 :Mental health

What is mental health?

Is the wellness of our cognitive, behaviour, and emotional well being. Mental health is all about how we think, feel and behave.

Mental health is not only the absence of depression, anxiety or any other disorder but it also depends to the ability to enjoy life, self counselling, achieving potential and adopting to the diversity. 

Topic 6: How to take care of Dental Health

 Here are the  ways on how to take care of your  Dental health;

1. Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste 

2. Floss regularly 

3. Visit your dentist for check up and cleaning 

4. Eat a healthy balanced diet 

5. Avoid eating sugary food

6. Quit smoking as it increases the risk of gum diseases 

Topic5: How to floss your teeth

Flossing instructions

1. Break off about 18 to 24 inches of dental floss. To hold the floss correctly, wind most of the floss around both of your middle fingers. Leave only about 1 to 2 inches of floss for your teeth.
2. Next, hold the floss taut with your thumbs and index fingers.
3. Place the dental floss in between two teeth. Gently glide the floss up and down, rubbing it against both sides of each tooth. Don’t glide the floss into your gums. This can scratch or bruise your gums. 
4. As the floss reaches your gums, curve the floss at the base of the tooth to form a C shape. This allows the floss to enter the space between your gums and your tooth.
5. Repeat the steps as you move from tooth to tooth. With each tooth, use a new, clean section of floss.

Topic 4: Importance of regular brushing and flossing teeth

 * To prevent gum diseases

* To remove plague that build up between teeth 

* To prevent  tooth decay 

* For fresh breath 

* To keep teeth healthy and strong 

Topic 3: How to brush the teeth

 CORRECT TECHNIQUES ON HOW TO BRUSH TEETH.

Step 1: Take a pea-size amount of toothpaste on your brush and wet it.

Step 2: Keep the brush at an angle against your gums and roll away from your gums.

Step 3: Gently brush back and forth out side, inside and on top of each tooth. 

Step 4: Spit into the basin if the toothpaste is too much.

Step 5: Brush your tongue to remove bacteria and freshen your breath

Step 6: Rinse your mouth well and rinse your toothbrush too.

BRUSHING SHOULD TAKE YOU AT LEAST 2 MINUTES AND MAKE SURE THAT THE TAP IS TIGHTLY CLOSED WHILE AND AFTER BRUSHING TO SAFE WATER!!!!! 

Topic 2: Dental care

 WHAT IS DENTAL CARE

Dental care refers to the maintenance of our teeth. In other words dental care is the medical care and hygiene relating to our teeth.

We use our healthy teeth to:

Tear food

Grind food

Chew food

             

                              

Topic 1: Personal Health

WHAT IS PERSONAL HEALTH 

 

Personal health is the ability to take care of your wellbeing by ensuring that your conscious decisions does not affect your health. 

FACTORS THAT AFFECT PERSONAL HEALTH:

1. Smoking cigarettes or tobacco 

*Tobacco causes people to die from either lung cancer or heart disease. 

* Children who breath in smoke other people's cigarettes develop serious breathing problem such as asthma. 

2. Lack of exercise 

*No exercise makes your heart and muscles weak.

*no physical activity contribute to weight gain and obesity.

3. Poor diet 

*Unhealthy eating habit leads to obesity and diabetes. 

4. No enough sleeping 

* Not getting enough sleeping affects our growth, concentration and memory 

*Can cause bad mood and depression 

5. Risky sexual behaviour 

* Having many sexual partners increases the risk of getting Sexually Transmitted Infections such as HIV/AIDS. 

*Not using protection will increase the risk of getting pregnant as well as Sexually Transmitted Infections.